Alkaline Mineral- Minerals with high pH that neutralize CO₂, promoting efficient CO₂ capture in ERW

 

Aquifer Storage- Storing CO₂ in deep saline aquifers, which have large storage potential for long-term containment

 

Basalt Powder Application- Spreading crushed basalt on soil to increase CO₂ absorption through chemical reactions with minerals

 

Biochar- Biochar is a charcoal residue made of carbon and ash from decomposition of incinerated biomass. It is a form of charcoal that is stored in the soil to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

 

Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS)- Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, is another negative emissions technology. BECCS refers to the extraction of bioenergy from organic matter (biomass), then capturing and storing the carbon, and removing it from the atmosphere.

 

Buffering Capacity- The ability of soils and minerals to neutralize CO₂ acidity, enhanced through ERW

 

Caprock- An impermeable rock layer that prevents CO₂ from migrating upward, essential for secure CO₂ storage

 

Carbon Abatement- Reducing emissions at their source, often by switching to cleaner energy or improving efficiency

 

Carbon Capture Potential of ERW- The estimated CO₂ removal capacity of ERW based on rock type, environmental conditions, and land area

 

Carbon Intensity Reduction- Lowering the amount of CO₂ produced per unit of energy or product

 

Carbon Neutral- Carbon neutral is a term that describes an entity whose carbon dioxide emissions are equal to those it captures.

 

Carbon Neutral Supply Chain- A supply chain that offsets or minimizes all associated emissions through efficiency and offsets

 

Carbon Sinks- A carbon sink is any process that absorbs more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than it emits. Carbon sinks are commonly natural ecosystems or organisms such as plants, oceans, soil, forests, peatlands, marshes, seagrass beds, mangroves and – more recently – algae ponds.

 

Carbon Storage Verification- Verifying the volume and permanence of CO₂ stored to confirm compliance with regulatory requirements.

 

Carbonate Formation- The end product of ERW, where CO₂ reacts with minerals to form stable carbonates

 

Carbonates and Bicarbonates- Compounds formed from CO₂ and minerals that store carbon stably in ERW processes

 

Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)- Soil’s ability to hold onto cations, which can influence CO₂ capture efficiency in ERW

 

CBAM- Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: A tax or tariff imposed on imported goods based on their carbon intensity, designed to prevent carbon leakage and encourage global decarbonization.

 

CCF Company Carbon Footprint- A comprehensive measure of all greenhouse gas emissions produced by a company’s operations, including direct and indirect emissions.

 

CCS Carbon capture and sequestration – (CCS) often refers to capturing CO2 emissions at a point-source, like, for example flue gas. While CCS reduces emissions that newly enter the atmosphere, it does now remove existing atmospheric carbon dioxide. This means it is not considered carbon removal.

 

CCU Carbon capture and use (CCU) – is the process of capturing carbon dioxide and using it in the production of valuable services. CCU refers to both the use of carbon captured from the atmosphere, like DAC, and for the use of carbon captured from flue gas. CCU is only considered as carbon removal when the carbon dioxide is captured from the atmosphere and stored for a significant period of time.

 

CCUS- Combining the above two concepts, carbon capture and use or sequestration (CCUS) is a commonly used term that refers to both carbon capture and use (CCU) and carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). Usually, it refers to CCU or CCS used within fossil fuels or cement, rather than to carbon removal.

 

CDR – Carbon removal is the process of extracting CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it long term in soil or plants, oceans, rocks, or other sources such as long-lived products like cement, which can store the carbon dioxide for decades or even centuries.

 

Circular Economy- An economic model that reduces waste and emissions by keeping products and materials in use longer

 

CO₂ Saturation- The concentration of CO₂ in the storage formation, which affects the efficiency and security of storage.

 

CO₂ Storage Site Characterization- Assessing geological formations to confirm they can securely store CO₂, evaluating factors like rock permeability and caprock integrity

 

CRCF- Carbon Removal Certification Framework: A standard to evaluate and certify the effectiveness, durability, and quality of carbon removal projects.

 

DAC Direct air capture – (DAC) technologies extract CO2 directly from the atmosphere – or ambient air. DAC is still in its early development stages, with the first operational DAC machine installed in 2017. But the potential of DAC is huge.

 

DDAC- Decentralized Direct Air Capture (DDAC) is very similar to DAC, and is also relatively newly developed while showing great promise.

 

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC)- CO₂ dissolved in water that forms carbonates and bicarbonates through mineral interaction in ERW

 

Electrification of Processes – Replacing fossil fuel-based energy with electricity for processes to cut CO₂ emissions

 

ERW :Enhanced Rock Weathering- A process that involves spreading finely crushed minerals over land to accelerate natural weathering, which absorbs and stores CO₂ from the atmosphere.

 

Field Application Rate- The recommended amount of crushed rock to spread per area to maximize CO₂ capture

 

Geomechanical Stress – Stress on geological formations due to CO₂ injection, which must be managed to prevent fractures

 

Geomorphology Impact- The effect of ERW on landform and landscape changes due to the application of crushed rock

 

Green Hydrogen- Hydrogen produced from renewable sources, which emits zero CO₂ when used as a fuel

 

Hard-to-Abate Sectors- Industries that are challenging to decarbonize, such as steel, cement, and aviation

 

Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking)- Using high-pressure fluids to create fractures in rock formations, sometimes used to enhance CO₂ storage capacity

 

Injection Well – Specialized wells designed for injecting CO₂ into deep rock formations for long-term storage

 

LCA Life Cycle Analysis- A methodology for assessing the total environmental impact of a product, process, or activity from raw material extraction to disposal.

 

Low-Carbon Technologies- Innovations such as renewables, electric vehicles, and carbon capture aimed at minimizing emissions

 

LULUCF Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry- A sector that tracks and manages carbon emissions and removals associated with land management practices, forestry, and land-use changes.

 

MDL Method Detection Limit-  The minimum concentration of a substance that can be reliably detected by a given analytical method under specific conditions.

 

Microseismic Monitoring- Detecting small seismic events around storage sites to assess potential for CO₂ migration

 

Mineral Carbon Sequestration- Long-term storage of CO₂ in carbonate minerals formed from weathered rock

 

Mineral Trapping- CO₂ reacts with minerals to form stable carbonates, permanently locking CO₂ in a solid state

 

Mineralization- Mineralization, in the world of carbon capture, is when carbon dioxide is turned into a  solid mineral such as a carbonate, through a chemical reaction. Mineralization occurs when certain minerals inside rocks are exposed to atmospheric CO2. This carbon dioxide is then removed  from the atmosphere and sequestered in solid carbonate form.

 

MRV- Measurement, Reporting, Verification: A structured system used to measure greenhouse gas emissions, report findings transparently, and verify the data’s accuracy for accountability.

 

Net-Zero Transition Pathways- Plans and actions to balance emissions with removals to achieve net-zero by mid-century

OKR Objectives and Key Results: A strategic framework for defining and tracking objectives (goals) and their measurable outcomes (results) within an organization.

 

Overburden- Layers of rock and soil above a CO₂ storage reservoir that help prevent leakage

 

PCF Product Carbon Footprint- A measure of the greenhouse gas emissions generated across the entire lifecycle of a product, from raw material extraction to end-of-life disposal.

 

Plume Migration- The spread of CO₂ within the storage reservoir, monitored to keep it within designated boundaries

 

Post-Injection Monitoring- Surveillance activities after CO₂ injection to ensure stored CO₂ remains contained and to detect potential leaks

 

Reservoir Integrity – Ensures CO₂ storage sites retain the gas without leakage over time, maintained through geological assessments and monitoring

 

Reservoir Pressure Management- Monitoring and managing pressure within the CO₂ reservoir to prevent rock fracturing

 

Residual Trapping – CO₂ gets trapped in pore spaces in the rock as the gas moves through a formation

 

Risk Assessment- Evaluating potential risks associated with CO₂ injection and storage, such as leakage or seismic activity

 

Saline Aquifer- A deep, porous rock formation filled with salty water, ideal for CO₂ storage

 

Sectoral Decarbonization- Targeting specific sectors like energy or transportation to reduce emissions with tailored approaches

 

Seismic Monitoring- Tracking seismic activity near storage sites to detect movement or changes in the underground CO₂ plume

 

SIA Self-Integrating Accumulator – A device or system designed for energy storage or process efficiency, often found in engineering or technical fields (context-specific).

 

Silicate Minerals- Minerals like olivine and basalt used in ERW that chemically bind CO₂ during weathering

 

Soil Amendment- The use of minerals like basalt in soil to improve soil health and capture CO₂

 

Soil Carbon Sequestration- Capturing CO₂ in soil through ERW, which enhances soil quality and stores carbon long-term

 

Solubility Trapping- CO₂ dissolves in underground water, preventing it from escaping back to the surface

 

Subsurface Monitoring- Techniques to observe CO₂ behavior underground, including pressure and chemical monitoring

 

Supercritical CO₂ Injection- Injecting CO₂ in a supercritical state to maximize storage efficiency in geological formations

 

Trapping Mechanisms- Methods that help CO₂ stay in place underground, including structural, residual, solubility, and mineral trapping

 

VCO Voluntary Carbon Offset-  A credit representing one ton of CO₂ removed or avoided, purchased to compensate for emissions, often linked to renewable energy or reforestation projects.

 

Sustainable aviation fuel (eSAF) – eSAF is a synthetic aviation fuel,  which can be produced by combining hydrogen from renewable energy sources, and carbon dioxide to produce a hydrocarbon that can be made into a fuel that is  more sustainable than fossil fuels for aviation.  eSAF is a newly developed product that requires carbon dioxide for its processing. It has gained prominence as a key driver of decarbonization in the airline industry, and it is likely to see a sharp increase in demand in the coming years.

 

API- Application Programming Interface

 

ASU – Air Separation Unit (used in OXY processes)

 

BECCS- Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage

 

BRU – Baseline Reservoir Utilization

 

C2C – Carbon-to-Chemicals

 

C2F – Carbon-to-Fuels

 

C2L – Carbon-to-Liquids (fuel production)

 

CAC – Customer Acquisition Cost

 

CBAM- The EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is the EU’s tool to put a fair price on the carbon emitted during the production of carbon intensive goods that are entering the EU, and to encourage cleaner industrial production in non-EU countries.

 

CCAM- Carbon Capture Additive Manufacturing

 

CCS- Carbon capture and sequestration

 

CCU – Carbon capture and use

 

CCUS- Carbon capture and use or sequestration

 

CDU- Carbon Dioxide Utilization

 

CMS -Content Management System

 

CO₂-CM- Carbon Dioxide for Concrete Manufacturing

 

CO₂-EC- Carbon Dioxide Electrochemical Conversion

 

CO₂-EOR – Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery

 

CO₂-SF- Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Saline Formations

 

CO₂-TP- Carbon Dioxide-to-Products

 

COP- Conference of the Parties (e.g., COP28 for climate negotiations)

 

CSR- Corporate Social Responsibility

 

CUI- CO₂ Utilization Index (CUI): A metric for evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of CO₂ use.

 

CWU- Carbon Waste Utilization

 

DAC- Direct air capture

 

DACCS- Direct Air Capture with Carbon Storage

DDAC- Decentralized Direct Air Capture

 

DOC- Direct Ocean Capture

 

EC- Electrochemical Conversion (of CO₂)

 

EIA- Environmental Impact Assessment

 

EOR- Enhanced Oil Recovery

 

EPA- Environmental Protection Agency

 

eSAF-Is a synthetic aviation fuel,  which can be produced by combining hydrogen from renewable energy sources, and carbon dioxide to produce a hydrocarbon that can be made into a fuel that is  more sustainable than fossil fuels for aviation.

 

ETS- Emissions Trading System

 

GCS – Geological Carbon Storage

 

GHG- Greenhouse Gas

 

IoT- Internet of Things

 

IPCC- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

 

ISO-CC- International Standards for Carbon Capture

 

LRIP – Long-Range Injection Protocols

 

MOFs- Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Highly porous materials used to trap and store CO₂.

 

NET- Negative Emission Technology

 

NGCC- Natural Gas Combined Cycle (with CCS integration)

 

OKRs- Objectives and Key Results

 

OXY – Oxyfuel Combustion (with carbon capture)

 

P&T – Pressure and Temperature Monitoring (in storage sites)

 

PaaS- Platform as a Service

 

PCC – Post-Combustion Capture

 

PCCU- Polymer Carbon Capture Utilization

 

PreCC- Pre-Combustion Capture

 

R&D – Research and Development

 

ROG- Reservoir Operational Guidelines (for CO₂ storage)

 

ROI- Return on Investment

 

SaaS- Software as a Service

 

SDGs- Sustainable Development Goals

 

SEO – Search Engine Optimization

 

SFR- Subsurface Fluid Recovery (CO₂-related)

 

TCC – Thermochemical Carbon Capture

 

TRL- Technology Readiness Level (TRL): A scale to assess the maturity of carbon capture technologies.

 

UNFCCC-United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

 

ZTC – Zeolite-based Thermal Capture